Bruce Momjian: Postgres Blog Index: Ordered by Category

Bruce Momjian

Postgres Blog Index: Ordered by Category

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Administration

last_seq_scan and last_idx_scan

The Power of Synchronous_commit

Operating System Choice

Many Upgrade Methods

Visualizing Collations

Moving Tables, Indexes, and Tablespaces Between Clusters

Why Pgdata Should Not Be at the Top of a Mount Point

Moving Tablespaces

Tuning Autovacuum

Compressed Tablespaces

Using Docker with Postgres

Beware of Antivirus Software with Postgres

Use Kill -9 Only in Emergencies

Controlling Autovacuum

Three Ways to Install Postgres

Backup and replication

Replica Scaling by the Numbers

Safety Systems Can Reduce Safety

Taking Snapshots of Clusters Which Use Tablespaces

SQL Replay for Replication?

Multi-Host Pg_dump

Logical Replication

Wal Archive: Local or Remote?

The Hot Standby Tradeoff

Sent, Write, Flush, Replay?

Incremental File System Backup

Wal Archive Management

What Are Timelines?

Dud, Flood, & Bud

Avoiding Logical Dump Pitfalls

New Replication Option

Master/Slave Replication

Business

Geopolitical Postgres

Oracle Supports Postgres

Supermarket Chicken

PostgreSQL Benefits and Challenges: A Snapshot

Community Edition

Open Source Bait and Switch: Licensing and Beyond

Database Software Bundles

Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

Challenging Assumptions

Community Impact of 2nd Quadrant Purchase

The Economics of Open Source Contributions

Three Postgres Adoption Groups in Enterprises

Cloud Vendor Monetization of Open Source

Cloud Vendors as a Barrier

Development Methods

The High Value of Data

Tool Vendor/Support Options

Lock-In Is Not a Binary Decision

Corporate Backing

Yandex Mail Completes Three-Year Migration from Oracle to Postgres

Oracle Attacks Postgres in Russia

A Business Card History of Postgres

Tom Lane Changes His Employer

Postgres Gets the Business

Salesforce Abandoning Postgres Migration?

How Managers View Postgres

Financial Disincentive

The International MySQL Soap Opera

Oracle to Buy Sun Microsystems

Certificate

Credential Rotation Using Certificates

Removable Certificate Authentication

Certificate Revocation Lists

Using Ssl Certificates

Creating Ssl Certificates

Ssl Certificates and Certificate Authorities

Client

Controlling Server Variables at Connection Time

Connect Parameter Specification Options

Controlling Connection Parameters Using Environment Variables

Installing PL/v8

Multi-Host Libpq

When To Use Server-Side Logic

Matching Client and Server Constraints

Matching Client and Server Languages

Why You Should Care About Libpq

ORMs and Their Discontents

MVCC For Programming Languages

Community

Leadership Abuse

Who's in Charge?

Email Etiquette

Abuse of Open Source?

Roads and Bridges: The Unseen Labor Behind Our Digital Infrastructure

Developers in Front

PgLife for Familiarization

Users vs. Developers

Long-Haul Behavior

"Get Off My Lawn"

Three-Year Cycle

'You need to set a tone where everyone in the community feels valued'

The Purpose of the Core Team

PgPool Improves Reliability

PgCon Developer Meeting Concluded

Recruiters A'Callin

I Feel Sorry for Closed-Source Developers

Postgres Developer Meetings

Growing Postgres User Groups

Email Snippets: Entertaining Links

Email Snippets: Community Management

Email Snippets: Reliability

Email Snippets: Philosophy

Email Snippets: SQL Craziness

A Postgres Song?

Do We Have a Plan?

Why People Contribute to Postgres and Open Source

Development Process Article

The Pain of Software Development

User Testimonial Video at PG East

Don't Confuse Companies with Community

Conference

Selecting Conferences

Percona Live Online

Las Vegas Event at re:Invent

Ibiza: A Different Type of Conference

Submitting Talks to Conferences

Why Attend Conferences?

Speaking in China

Thirteen Conferences in Four Months

2016 Conferences

PgCon 2015 Developer Meeting Photo

2015 Postgres Conferences

Integrated Cache Invalidation for Better Hit Rates

Visualizing Postgres Feature Growth

Explain Output Generates Enthusiastic Applause

Upcoming Conferences

PGCon Conference Report

Conference Report

Conference Report

The 9.2 Sleeper Feature

Video of Postgres 9.2 Features

Lots O' Conferences

Upcoming Conferences

Celko Speaking in Prague

What Makes a Great Conference Site

Speaking in the Dominican Republic

Report from PGCon

Upcoming Events

Report from PGDay Austin

Report from Montreal's ConFoo Conference

Staying Close to Home

The USA Is Planning a Triple Play

The Travel Faucet

The Marathon Begins

The Postgres Fall Conference Lineup

Need a Conference Welcome Video?

Yeah, I'm at MySQLCon

A Conference A Month

PgEast at the Hotel Pennsylvania

Report from SCALE

An Event Every Month

Conference Report

PG West Selectivity Talk

Back from Moscow

Baltimore, Bolivia, Boston, Moscow, San Francisco

Speaking in New York City

Surge Conference

Oscon 2010 Report

Speaking in New York City

PG East: What to Expect

More Philadelphia Action

Postgres Is Hot In Philadelphia

Reflections on PGCon

The Great Netbook Giveaway Redux

OpenSQL Camp Report

Back From PG West

Conference Schedule Resumed

Event Attendance Cancellations

Report from Brasilia

Linuxworld Wrapup, Swag

Attending Oscon

Upcoming Presentations

Traveling Every Month

PGCon Impressions

Attending Fosdem in Brussels

Configuration

Setting Per-User Server Variables

First Wins, Last Wins, Huh?

Programatic Control of postgresql.conf Settings

Reload Is Powerful

Centralizing Connection Parameters

What Is a GUC Variable?

Data modeling

Can Case Comparison Be Controlled?

Storing Binary Data in the Database

Views vs. Materialized Views

Data Storage Options

Getting Object Creation Time

Data in the Database vs the File System

Allowing Only One Null

Use All Your Constraints

Passing Arguments to Functions

Creating Virtual Columns

You Added What Json Features in Postgres 9.2?

Transactional Ddl

Surrogate Keys Can Become Natural Keys

Lists and Recursion and Trees (Oh, my!)

Documentation

Railroad Diagrams

Transaction Processing Chapter

Intermediate Certificates

Built-In Sharding Wiki Page

Postgres 9.6 Features

The Backend Flowchart Is Back

The Importance of High-Quality Documentation

Postgres Documentation

Seeking Documentation Proofreading Assistance

Partial Progress in Proofreading the Postgres Manual

Query Source Code Flow Diagram Completed

Query Source Code Flow

Reading Through the Manual

Hardware

Power-Loss Protection

Postgres on Big Iron

Hardware Acceleration for Databases

Tablespaces on Transient Storage

Ssds and effective_io_concurrency

Raid Controllers and Ssds

Das vs San vs Nas

Turn off the drive write cache! Turn on the cache! Huh?

Memory Overcommit

I Don't Need Swap Space

I Don't Need Backups, I Use Raid1!

Virtualizing Postgres

Postgres Memory Surprises

Revisiting Memory Reporting

Increasing Database Reliability

Intel Pushes Out Firmware Update For 320 Series SSDs

Reliable Writes

Database Reliability

Postgres on Amazon's EC2

SSDs for Your Database?

The Optimal Number of Database Performance Settings

Humor

Postgres Drinking Game

Email Snippets: Self-deprecation

MySQL Is a Database Video

Reliability Humor

Community Communication

Indexing

Boolean Indexes

Index Everything

Creating Descending Indexes

Index Order Does Matter

Expression Index Statistics and Joins

Statistics on Expression Indexes

Partial Indexes

Expression Indexes

The Externality of Index Creation

Internals

Specialized Cpu Instructions

Separating Cluster and Database Attributes

What is an Lsn?

Avoiding Cache Wipe, Synchronized Scans

Why Do We Freeze?

Postgres Internals Website

Portability's Surprising Win

The Meaning of Wal

Raw Device Optimization

Double Buffering Blues

What Are Checkpoints?

Column Storage Internals

All Operators Call Functions

Selecting All Columns and TOAST

The Most Important Postgres CPU Instruction

Toast-y Goodness

MVCC Unmasked Now Online

Where Did My Error Come From?

Reaching Out to Middleware Users

Memory

Shared Memory Sizing

Allocating work_mem

The Memory Resource Triad

Limiting Memory to Avoid the Oom

Measuring Free Memory and Kernel Cache Size on Linux

Let's See work_mem

Monitoring

Query_id and pg_stat_statements

Rerouting Server Log Entries

Monitoring Complexity

Getting the Most Out of application_name

Dynamic Logging Control

Postgres Alerts

Wait Event Reporting

Going Deep on Stats

Monitoring Postgres from the Command Line

Timing Query Internals

External Monitoring Tools

Multi-host

Multi-Host Technologies

Why Use Multi-Master?

Trigger Me Writable

Switchover/Failover and Session Migration

Oracle Real Application Clusters (Rac)

Sharding Update from Asia

A Hierarchical Read-Scaling Architecture

Materialized Views and Foreign Data Wrappers

Session State Failover

Switchover vs. Failover

The Plan for FDW-Based Sharding

Scalability What?

News

Postgres Marketing

Release of pgcryptokey

Updated Blog Categories, Images

Postgres Pool Party

PgLife Is Six Months Old

PgLife Averages Thirty Active Users

PgLife Is Now Live

Twenty-One Hours to Exploit

My Blog Changes

Want a Free Remote Database?

Teaching Again at Drexel

Postgres Pool Party

The New Postgres Era

Postgres Getting Increased Attention

Sorting Performance Improvement for Postgres 9.2

Coming to Boston

No RSVPs, No Party

EnterpriseDB Looking for Beta Testers

Postgres Now the Default Database for Mac OS X Server

No Postgres Booth at Oscon

Postgres Pool Party

MVCC Webcast this Wednesday

Postgres 9.1 in the News

Important Postgres 9.1 Features

Postgres 9.1 Is Coming

Security Meeting in Maryland

Completed User Testimonial Videos from PG East

One Week to the Postgres Pool Party

Postgres Coming to the International Space Station

PostgreSQL 9.0 Illustrated

Another Drexel University Course

Postgres Pool Party

Creeping to Beta

9.0 Status Report

Postgres University Course Material

Wanted: New Project Slogan

Postgres 9.0 Coming

European Union Recognizes PostgreSQL

JPUG Tenth Anniversary

Professor Momjian

Release Date Poll

My Goals for the Next Two Months

Postgres 8.4 Beta1

Philadelphia Tour After PG East

Online Training

Preparation for 8.4, Travel

Final Feature Decisions for 8.4

Slogging Toward 8.4

Postgres News Activity

Approaching 8.4 Beta

Spacewalk to Postgres

Attending OpenSQL Camp

Oscon Grand Prize

Appointed to PgUS Board

Russian Chat Session

pgpool PG Pool Party

The Photo Reply

Commit Fest Done

PGCon Developer's Meeting

Porting from Oracle to Postgres

May Commit-Fest Going Well

First 8.4 Commit-Fest Done

First Commit-Fest

Postgres 8.4 Development Started

Back From London

NoSQL

Peanut Butter and Chocolate

The Relational Future Is Bright

Jsonb Multi-Column Type Casting

Jsonb: A Container of Types

Which NoSQL Database For New Project?

Postgres Gives Developers More Options with NoSQL

YeSQL: Battling the NoSQL Hype Cycle with Postgres

Dynamic Columns

The Future of Relational Databases

NoSQL Databases as the New Scripting Language

Learning from NoSQL

Settling for NoSQL

Null

Null Presentation Updates

Grouping Sets and Null Values

Null Summary (Part 11/11)

Nulls in Arrays and Row Expressions (Part 10/11)

Mapping Nulls to Strings (Part 9/11)

Nulls and Aggregates (Part 8/11)

Ordering and Indexing Nulls (Part 7/11)

Comparing Nulls (Part 6/11)

The Not In Null Trap (Part 5/11)

The Three-Valued Logic of Nulls (Part 4/11)

The Non-Value of Nulls (Part 3/11)

Explicit and Implicit Null Generation (Part 2/11)

Nulls Make Things Easier? (Part 1/11)

Object bundles

Creating Extensions in Schemas

Cluster, Cluster, Schema, Schema

Why Use Multiple Schemas?

When to Use Multiple Clusters, Databases, or Schemas?

Multiple Databases and Global Objects

Optimizer

Optimization Aggressiveness

With ... Materialized and Optimizer Control

Micro-Optimizations

Optimizer Hints

Query Planner Interview

Future Optimizer Enhancements

Still No Query Hints?

Be Prepared for Prepare

The Effectiveness of effective_cache_size

Password

Encrypting pgpass

Passwords in Log files

Force Password Changes

Insufficient Passwords

Foreign Data Wrappers and Passwords

Performance

Sharding Status

Hash Aggregation

Clustering a Table

Background Writes

Optimal Use of Ssds

Does Postgres Support Compression?

Performance Limitations

Threaded Postgres

Compiled PL/pgSQL?

Wal Directory Location

Windows and Shared Buffers

Vectorize Surprise

Partitioning in Postgres 10 and Beyond

External Poolers

Performance Goalposts

Two More Interviews

Cpus Are Slowing Us Down

Parallelism Roadmap

Handling Growth with Postgres: 5 Tips From Instagram

Generating Random Data Via Sql

Speeding Up by Condensing

Parallel Query Report from the PGCon Developer Meeting

Take a Dip in the Pooler

Don't Ignore shared_preload_libraries

Parallelism Is Coming

Scalability Improvements Are Coming

What Every Data Programmer Needs to Know about Disks

Benchmark Comparison

Pg upgrade

The Future of Major Version Upgrades

Zero Downtime Pg_upgrade

Pg_Upgrading Streaming Standbys

Pg_Upgrade Now Handles Invalid Indexes

Pg_Upgrade Now Supports Parallel Copy/Link

Pg_Upgrade Faster, Again!

Pg_Upgrade Bug with Invalid Concurrently-Created Indexes

Pg_Upgrade Performance Improvements

Automatic Upgrades?

The Evolution of Pg_Upgrade

Pg_Upgrade and Optimizer Statistics

Pg_Upgrade Improvements Coming in Postgres 9.2

Bug Fix for Pg_Upgrade from Postgres 8.3

Pg_Upgrade Will Always Be a Hack

Changes to Pg_Upgrade In Postgres 9.1

Pg_Upgrade Fix Now Released in Postgres 9.0.4

Critical Fix for Pg_upgrade/Pg_migrator Users

Pg_Migrator Included in Postgres 9.0, Renamed to Pg_Upgrade

Pg_Migrator Done for 8.4, New Video

Pg_Migrator 8.4.1 Released

Setback for Pg_Migrator

Pg_Migrator 8.4 Final Released Last Week

Pg_Migrator Release Candidate 1

Challenges of Pg_Migrator

Pg_Migrator Beta 1 Released

Pg_Migrator Progress

Pg_Migrator Alpha Released

Pg_Migrator Status

Presentation

New User Management Presentation Online

New AI Presentation Online

Postgres 17 Presentation

Explaining the Postgres Query Optimizer Improvements

Presentations from Sql Queries

Postgres 16 Features Presentation

The Postgres Trajectory

Dissecting Partitioning

Beyond Joins and Indexes

Postgres in the Microservices World

Enterprise Postgres Growth in Japan

Four New Presentations

Postgres and the Artificial Intelligence Landscape

Postgres in the Cloud: The Hard Way

Lessons from the Online Conference Trenches

Databases, Containers, and the Cloud

The Democratization of Databases

Postgres 12 Features Presentation

Exploring Postgres Tips and Tricks

Updated Sharding Presentation

The Maze of Postgres Options

Postgres 11 Features Presentation

Will Postgres Live Forever?

Four New Security Talks

Reorganized Presentations

Postgres Window Magic

Postgres 10 Features Presentation

Postgres Videos

Non-Relational Postgres

Michael Stonebraker's Turing Award Lecture

Postgres 9.5 Features Presentation

Sharding Presentation

Postgres Rising in Russia

Two New Presentations

New Presentations

New Presentation Online

PostgreSQL's Place in the New World Order

Vacation, What Vacation?

CTE Presentation at ConFoo; Slides Now Online

Part 1 of Virtualizing Postgres Now Online

Presentations Updated

Unlocking the Postgres Lock Manager Slides Now Online

New Optimizer Presentation Now Online

Video Presentation from Brazil Now Online

MySQLCon Keynote Video Now Online

Two New Presentations

Updated Presentation: The Magic of Hot Streaming Replication

PG East: Slides

Presentation License

Press

Video of Russian Interview

Interview in China

Recent Interview

Moscow Interview

My Daughter Speaks

Video Interview

Oops, Confusing Press Release

Release notes

Postgres 18 Release Notes

More Release Note Details

Postgres 17 Release Notes

Postgres 16 Release Notes

Researching Upgrade Changes

Postgres 15 Release Notes

Postgres 14 Release Notes

Draft of Postgres 13 Release Notes

Draft of Postgres 12 Release Notes

Draft of Postgres 11 Release Notes

Draft of Postgres 10 Release Notes

Postgres 9.5 Draft Release Notes

Postgres 9.3 Release Notes Updated

9.3 Release Notes Ready for Beta

Starting on 9.3 Release Notes

Postgres 9.2 Draft Release Notes Published

Starting on 9.2 Release Notes

Postgres 9.1 Draft Release Notes

9.0 Release Notes Ready

9.0 Release Notes Creation

8.4 Release Notes

Working on 8.4 Release Notes

Security

Wish I Was Wrong About Tde

Scram Is Here to Stay

Tde Status Report

Storing Signatures in Databases

Encrypting Logical Backups

Encryption at Rest

Using Non-Login Roles

Implementing Transparent Data Encryption in Postgres

Expanding Permission Letters

Permission Letters

Limiting Superuser Activity

Postgres Encryption Maze

Pooler Authentication

Synchronizing Authentication

Three Factors of Authentication

Fourteen Authentication Methods

Client Row Access Control

Cryptographically Authenticated Rows

Layers of Security

Unix Domain Socket Location

Limiting Postgres Connections

Security-Enhanced Postgres

New Security Talk

Considering Security-Enhanced Postgres

Source code

Release Size Analysis, The 2021 Edition

When Does a Commit Happen?

Done Studying Perl

So You Want to Be a Committer?

Release Size Analysis

One Million Strong

Radical But Useful Source Code Reformatting

Why Postgres Switched To Git

Removal of Personal Copyrights

Growing Patch Committers

Coding Simplicity

Development Developments

Perl For Development Scripts

Postgres Development Visualized

Coverity Security Scan

Sql

Transaction Block Isolation Levels

Combining Queries into Ctes

Standard Deviation

Keyset Pagination in Action

Keyset Pagination

Pagination Tips

Trusted and Untrusted Languages

Order of Select Clause Execution

Imperative to Declarative to Imperative

Composite Values

Using Xmin in Queries

Percent_rank vs. Cumm_dist

PL/pgSQL's Good Sql Alignment

Identifier Case Sensitivity

The Decline of Hstore

Playing With IPv6

PL/Java Adoption

Postgres Keywords

Casting to Data Types

Referencing Select Column Aliases in Where Clauses

Characters Sets, Encodings, and Collations

Outer Joins and Where Clauses

The Double Quote Trap

Why Is standard_conforming_strings Enabled in Postgres 9.1?

Thoughts

In Praise of PostgreSQL

The Hard Quadrant

Reducing Planned Downtime Can Increase Unplanned Downtime

Features Move into the Database as they Mature

Looking Back at Postgres

Thirty Years of Continuous PostgreSQL Development

The Berkeley 39

Why Not to Choose Postgres

Migrating Away from Hacks

Changing Cars, Changing Databases

The Inner Workings of Oracle Development

Why Database Software Is Unique

Database Interoperability at Risk

Breaking Backward Compatibility

Postgres vs PostgreSQL

You Don't Need Every Feature of Your Previous Database

Analyzing Postgres Adoption

Postgres Going in Multiple Directions

Postgres Is Good Enough

Postgres as a Data Platform

Table Partitioning Needs Improvement

The Middleware Porting Challenge

Postgres: The B-52 of Databases

"You Lock Your Data in Postgres — We Cannot Fail"

Software Patents: Why the Status Quo Continues?

Open Source Leadership

More Lessons From My Server Migration

A Cautionary Lesson from Perl 6

Postgres Wisdom

Postgres 9.0 Feedback on Slashdot

Mirror, Mirror On The Wall, Which Is The Best Open Source DB Of Them All?

Form Follows Failure

Python Driver Confusion

Caring for Your (PG) Introvert

Threats to Postgres

The Next Postgres Adoption Wave

Elephant Roads: PostgreSQL Patches and Variants

Professionalism at PGCon

What Have We Forgotten About Growing?

Processing Email

Reading Email During Trips

Postgres Email Activity

Elephants Can Count Too

The Kitchen Sink Has Arrived?

What Do You Do?

The MySQL Soap Opera

Database House Of Cards

Postgres Is Hot

Time

Indexing timestamps

Time Zone Abbreviations

Differences Between Dates

Computing Interval Values

At Time Zone Confusion

Storing the Original Time Zone

Odd Month Arithmetic

Use With Time Zone